Dynamics indicate how loudly or softly music should be played.
Most dynamic markings come from Italian words.
Common Dynamic Markings
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| pp | Pianissimo (Very Soft) |
| p | Piano (Soft) |
| mp | Mezzo Piano (Moderately Soft) |
| mf | Mezzo Forte (Moderately Loud) |
| f | Forte (Loud) |
| ff | Fortissimo (Very Loud) |
Dynamic Scale
pp → p → mp → mf → f → ff
From very soft to very loud.
Practical Example
A lullaby may be played softly (p).
A triumphant ending may be played loudly (f or ff).